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New Study Reveals Top Cause of Cancer Deaths in Adults Under 50 in the U.S. and How to Protect Yourself

  • Writer: Dr. Hansra
    Dr. Hansra
  • 5 days ago
  • 7 min read

Colorectal cancer is now the leading cause of cancer-related death among people under 50 in the United States, according to new evidence from the American Cancer Society (Siegel et al., 2025). This trend is concerning because colon cancer has traditionally been seen as a disease affecting older adults. The rise in younger adults facing this diagnosis calls for greater awareness about risk factors, protective habits, and the importance of early screening.


Eye-level view of a medical professional explaining colon health to a patient
Doctor discussing colon cancer risks with a patient

Why Colon Cancer Is Increasing in Younger Adults


Recent studies show that colon cancer rates in adults younger than 50 have been rising steadily over the past two decades (Abualkhair et al., 2020, Meester et al., 2019, Bailey et al., 2015). Colorectal cancer is now the leading cause of cancer-related death among people under 50 in the United States, according to new evidence from the American Cancer Society (Siegel et al., 2025).


Understanding what drives this increase helps individuals and healthcare providers take action to reduce risk and catch cancer early.


Key Risk Factors for Colon Cancer in Adults Under 50


Research studies are still ongoing to elucidate potential etiologies. Early onset colorectal cancer many have several risk factors. Some are inherited, while others relate to lifestyle and overall health.


Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes


Certain genetic conditions (Burt et al., 1995, Yurgelun et al., 2017) and family member risk factors significantly raise colon cancer risk. These include:


  • Lynch syndrome, which increases the risk of colon and other cancers

  • Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), causing numerous polyps in the colon


People with these syndromes often develop cancer earlier than the general population however this only accounts for 5 percent of colorectal cancer (Burt et al., 1995, Yurgelun et al., 2017). Also family history of advanced adenoma in a sibling or having a first degree relative for colorectal cancers are also known risk factors (O'Sullivan et al., 2022, Imperiale et al., 2023, Ng et al., 2015). Knowing your family history and discussing genetic testing with your doctor can help identify these risks.


Metabolic Dysregulation


Metabolic diseases such as obesity (O'Sullivan et al., 2022, Imperiale et al., 2023), metabolic syndrome (O'Sullivan et al., 2022, Coleman et al., 2023, Lundqvist et al., 2023), metabolic associated fatty liver disease (Park et al., 2023), sedentary behavior (O'Sullivan et al., 2022), excess red meat (Zhang et al., 2023), poor diet including high processed foods and excess sugar (Archambault 2021, Zheng et al., 2021, Hur et al., 2021), high blood pressure (O'Sullivan et al., 2022, Zhang et al., 2023), high cholesterol (O'Sullivan et al., 2022, Zhang et al., 2023).


Alcohol Consumption


Regular alcohol intake increases colon cancer risk (O'Sullivan et al., 2022, Imperiale et al., 2023). Alcohol can damage the lining of the colon and affect how the body processes carcinogens. Limiting alcohol consumption is a practical step to reduce risk.


Poor Gut Health


An unhealthy gut environment, including imbalanced gut bacteria and chronic inflammation, may contribute to colon cancer development (Kong et al., 2023, Yang et al., 2021, Hein et al., 2024). Diet, antibiotics, and other factors influence gut health, making it an important area to address.


Close-up of fresh fruits and vegetables arranged on a kitchen counter
Fresh fruits and vegetables promoting gut health and cancer prevention

Protective Factors That Potentially Lower Colon Cancer Risk


While some risks cannot be changed, many lifestyle choices can help protect against colon cancer.


Physical Activity


Research has linked regular physical activity to reduced colon cancer risk (Boyle et al., 2021). Regular exercise reduces colon cancer risk by improving metabolism, reducing inflammation, and helping maintain a healthy weight. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week.


Diet High in Fruits and Vegetables


Clinical studies link a higher intake of fruits and vegetables with lower risk of colorectal cancer (Slattery et al., 1998, Terry et al., 2001). Eating a variety of fruits and vegetables provides antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that support colon health. These foods also promote a healthy gut microbiome.


Adequate Vitamin D


Vitamin D supports immune function and may protect against colon cancer (Zhang et al., 2023, Kim et al., 2021). Sun exposure and foods like fatty fish or fortified products can help maintain healthy vitamin D levels.


The Importance of Talking to Your Doctor and Getting Screened


Because colon cancer is rising in younger adults, it is crucial to know your personal risk factors and discuss them with your healthcare provider. Screening tests such as colonoscopy can detect precancerous polyps or early-stage cancer when treatment is most effective.


If you have a family history, hereditary syndrome, or other risk factors, your doctor may recommend starting screening before age 45. Even without symptoms, early screening saves lives. Always talk with a healthcare professional about your individual risk.


High angle view of a colonoscopy procedure monitor showing the inside of the colon
Colonoscopy monitor displaying colon interior during screening

Taking Action to Protect Yourself


  • Know your family history and share it with your doctor.

  • Adopt a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise, a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and fiber, and limited alcohol.

  • Maintain gut health by avoiding unnecessary antibiotics and eating probiotic-rich foods.

  • Discuss early screening options with your healthcare provider, especially if you have risk factors.

  • Stay informed about symptoms such as changes in bowel habits, blood in stool, or unexplained weight loss.


Colon cancer in adults under 50 is a serious health issue, but many cases can be prevented or caught early. Taking steps to understand your risks and protect your colon health empowers you to reduce your chances of developing this disease.



References:


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